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Baseline

Baseline for recommender systems.

A first-order approximation of the bias involved in target. The model equation is defined as:

\[\hat{y}(x) = \bar{y} + bu_{u} + bi_{i}\]

Where \(bu_{u}\) and \(bi_{i}\) are respectively the user and item biases.

This model expects a dict input with a user and an item entries without any type constraint on their values (i.e. can be strings or numbers). Other entries are ignored.

Parameters

  • optimizer (optim.base.Optimizer) – defaults to None

    The sequential optimizer used for updating the weights.

  • loss (optim.base.Loss) – defaults to None

    The loss function to optimize for.

  • l2 – defaults to 0.0

    regularization amount used to push weights towards 0.

  • initializer (optim.base.Initializer) – defaults to None

    Weights initialization scheme.

  • clip_gradient – defaults to 1000000000000.0

    Clips the absolute value of each gradient value.

  • seed – defaults to None

    Random number generation seed. Set this for reproducibility.

Attributes

  • global_mean (stats.Mean)

    The target arithmetic mean.

  • u_biases (collections.defaultdict)

    The user bias weights.

  • i_biases (collections.defaultdict)

    The item bias weights.

  • u_optimizer (optim.base.Optimizer)

    The sequential optimizer used for updating the user bias weights.

  • i_optimizer (optim.base.Optimizer)

    The sequential optimizer used for updating the item bias weights.

Examples

>>> from river import optim
>>> from river import reco

>>> dataset = (
...     ({'user': 'Alice', 'item': 'Superman'}, 8),
...     ({'user': 'Alice', 'item': 'Terminator'}, 9),
...     ({'user': 'Alice', 'item': 'Star Wars'}, 8),
...     ({'user': 'Alice', 'item': 'Notting Hill'}, 2),
...     ({'user': 'Alice', 'item': 'Harry Potter'}, 5),
...     ({'user': 'Bob', 'item': 'Superman'}, 8),
...     ({'user': 'Bob', 'item': 'Terminator'}, 9),
...     ({'user': 'Bob', 'item': 'Star Wars'}, 8),
...     ({'user': 'Bob', 'item': 'Notting Hill'}, 2)
... )

>>> model = reco.Baseline(optimizer=optim.SGD(0.005))

>>> for x, y in dataset:
...     _ = model.learn_one(**x, y=y)

>>> model.predict_one(user='Bob', item='Harry Potter')
6.538120

Methods

learn_one

Fits a user-item pair and a real-valued target y.

Parameters

  • user (Union[str, int])
  • item (Union[str, int])
  • y (Union[numbers.Number, bool])
  • x (dict) – defaults to None
predict_one

Predicts the target value of a set of features x.

Parameters

  • user (Union[str, int])
  • item (Union[str, int])
  • x (dict) – defaults to None

Returns

typing.Union[numbers.Number, bool]: The predicted preference from the user for the item.

rank

Rank models by decreasing order of preference for a given user.

Parameters

  • user (Union[str, int])
  • items (Set[Union[str, int]])
  • x (dict) – defaults to None

References